Remuneration
For maximum load capacity
Components that are exposed to high and impact loads require high strength and toughness at the same time. These properties are achieved by tempering suitable heat-treatable steels with a heat treatment consisting of hardening and subsequent tempering at temperatures between 500 °C and 700 °C.
The tempering temperatures are significantly higher than when tempering after hardening. Unalloyed and alloyed steels are used for quenching and tempering. Unalloyed heat-treatable steels contain 0.2 % to 0.6 % carbon, alloyed heat-treatable steels also contain small amounts of chromium, molybdenum, nickel or manganese
Internal processes during tempering
After quenching, needle-shaped martensite is present. During tempering at 400 °C, part of this decomposes into finely dispersed ferrite and cementite needles, which precipitate in the remaining martensite. Martensite decomposition progresses with increasing tempering temperature. When tempered at 550 °C, it breaks down completely into ferrite and cementite needles. Finally, at 700 °C, the cementite needles clump together to form cementite grains.
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